The Link Between Sexual Health, Libido, & Your Hormones
Sexual health is a complex and multifaceted aspect of wellness. It is not always a topic that is readily discussed in the health space despite its impact on our relationships, quality of life, and overall happiness. While many factors contribute to sexual satisfaction, hormones play a pivotal role in shaping desire and arousal. More specifically, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone influence both the physiological and psychological aspects of sexual experiences. This is why many people notice fluctuations to their sexual desire and arousal depending on where they are in their menstrual cycle.
The 3 key hormones that influence sexual health for women and people with vulvas
Hormones act as powerful messengers within the body, orchestrating various physiological processes, including sexual function. The following 3 hormones are essential for influencing sexual health.
Estrogen
Estrogen plays a significant role in maintaining sexual desire and overall sexual function. It contributes to vaginal lubrication, increases blood flow to the genital area, and enhances the sensitivity of sexual tissues. Fluctuations in estrogen levels throughout the menstrual cycle, as well as during pregnancy and menopause, can play a key role in sexual desire and arousal.
Progesterone
Alongside estrogen, progesterone helps regulate the menstrual cycle and prepares the body for potential pregnancy. While its specific impact on sexual desire is not well-understood, certain individuals may experience decreases in libido during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, where progesterone is dominant. In studies, in comparison to the excitatory and “turn-on” aspect of estrogen, progesterone seems to do the opposite.
Testosterone
Testosterone is often referred to as a “male hormone”, but it is actually a hormone that is found in both biological sexes in varying levels. It contributes to sexual desire, arousal, and the ability to experience pleasure, but the mechanism in women (and people with vulvas) is not entirely understood. The studies have linked a decrease in testosterone levels, such as those associated with menopause or certain medical conditions, with a decreased libido and diminished sexual satisfaction.
Sexual Desire and Our Menstrual Cycle
Throughout the menstrual cycle, hormonal changes occur in a rhythmic pattern, influencing various aspects of sexual function. The cycle can be divided into phases: the menstrual phase, follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase.
the menstrual phase
During the menstrual phase, which marks the beginning of the menstrual cycle, estrogen and progesterone levels are at their lowest, and the uterine lining is shed. You may notice a decrease in sexual desire or interest during menstruation, partly due to physical discomfort, such as cramping or fatigue. Others may find that their sexual desire remains consistent or even increases during menstruation. As a fun fact, sexual activity during this phase can provide relief from menstrual symptoms for some individuals, as it can stimulate blood flow and release endorphins, which may alleviate pain and elevate mood.
the follicular phase
The next phase, the follicular phase, is when estrogen levels gradually rise, leading to the thickening of the uterine lining and increased blood flow to the pelvic area. This surge in estrogen contributes to heightened sexual desire and sensitivity, making this phase an optimal time for sexual exploration and pleasure.
ovulation & the luteal phase
Following ovulation, the luteal phase begins, characterized by increased progesterone levels. Some people may experience lower levels of desire and vaginal lubrication during this phase.
It is important to remember that sexual preferences and experiences vary among individuals and you may not notice significant changes in sexual function throughout your cycle.
A few suggestions to keep in mind
Open Communication
This is not just with your partners but also with your doctors. Discussing concerns or changes in sexual function with a healthcare professional can provide valuable insights and a plan tailored to your individual needs.
Hormonal Therapies
In some cases, herbal medicine, supplements, or hormone therapy may be recommended to address hormonal changes that may be related to your sexual health concerns.
Lubrication and Moisturizers
Over-the-counter lubricants or moisturizers can help alleviate vaginal dryness and enhance comfort during sexual activity.
Lifestyle Factors
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, stress management, and sufficient sleep, can contribute to overall hormonal balance and enhance sexual well-being.
A Final Word
Hormones play a profound role in shaping sexual health, influencing desire, arousal, and even the intensity of orgasms. Understanding the intricate interplay between hormones and sexual function is crucial in promoting a holistic approach to reproductive health and fostering a society that values and supports sexual wellness as an essential component of healthcare.
If you’d like to learn more about how Naturopathic Medicine can support your hormonal health and your sexual health, you can read more here, or book a complimentary consult with us.
Ready to make a change?
Whether you're navigating the challenges of hormonal changes, struggling with libido or arousal issues, or seeking guidance on optimizing your sexual experiences, I am here to provide a compassionate, open and understanding space for your journey. You can book a free complimentary call with me here.
Be well,
Dr. Jessica Nazareth, ND