PCOS: The interplay of genetics and our environment
PCOS is not caused by one gene, one lifestyle habit, or one life event. It sits at the intersection of genetics, epigenetics, and environmental factors, all of which shape how your hormones behave.
Studies have shown that PCOS tends to run in families. If a parent or sibling has it, you’re more likely to have it too. But unlike single-gene conditions (like cystic fibrosis), PCOS is polygenic — meaning multiple genes contribute, and not all have been fully identified.
Some of the gene variants linked to PCOS are involved in insulin signalling, hormone production and inflammatory responses. Having these gene variants doesn’t guarantee you’ll develop PCOS – this is where the other pieces come into play.
Epigenetics refers to how your environment and experiences can “switch on” or “silence” certain genes. In addition, there are environmental exposures that can influence PCOS risk and severity.
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs): Found in plastics (BPA), personal care products (phthalates, parabens), and even receipts. These can interfere with hormonal signaling.
Insulin Resistance: A core feature of many PCOS cases. While some of this may be genetic, processed and inflammatory foods, stress, poor sleep, and sedentary lifestyles can worsen insulin resistance over time.
Chronic Inflammation: Often driven by gut imbalances, food sensitivities, trauma, or unresolved infections. Inflammation can worsen hormone resistance and raise androgen levels.
Stress + Nervous System Dysregulation: Chronic stress affects our hormones, ovulation, and blood sugar regulation.
Nutrient Deficiencies + Gut Health: This can disrupt hormone metabolism, increase inflammation, and impair insulin sensitivity.
This complex interplay helps us recognize the various factors that have contributed. The more we understand this, the less blame we carry and the more clearly we can chart a path forward.
Ready to make a change?
If you're seeking a better understanding of your condition and are ready for a comprehensive and personalized approach to managing your PCOS, you can book a free complimentary call with me here.
Be well,
Dr. Jessica Nazareth, ND